@OZ&A I can confirm the same behavior on macOS Ventura 13.2 and DSM 7.1.1-42962 Update 4.
I tested Windows and it works as expected so no issues there.. But I don't use Windows so major issue on macOS.
The only way to get access back to these files from macOS is by cloning the folder/files which is not efficient and not always possible.
I filed an urgent support ticket with Synology and suggest you do the same. I also referenced this link in my ticket.
[Symptoms]
From macOS Ventura 13.2 renaming/moving folder via SMB looses access to the files in that folder.
Before macOS Ventura I used AFP and had no issues. Because there is an issue with macOS Ventura+Synology+AFP I updated my Synology to the latest version and also the SMB package, and instead of AFP, use SMB to access my shares.
When I rename a folder that exists on a Synology Shared Folder and try to access files/folders in it, I get an error message and loose access to my files. I can gain access to my files if I rename the containing folder to be exactly the previous names.
If I move folders around, it is very hard to impossible to restore the previous state and access is lost to the files.
[Steps to Reproduce]
1. Connect a Synology share to macOS Ventura 13.2 using SMB
2. Create a Folder in that Synology share
3. Create a Subfolder in that folder
4. Create a text file in that folder
5. Rename the root folder --> you will see an error trying to open the text file.
6. Rename the root folder back to the original name --> you will get access back to the file
7. Move the file from the subfolder to a different sub folder, then move it some more --> you will lose access to the file.
8. Only way to access the file is to copy it OR rename the folder from the WebUI to a new name.
[Error Messages and Screenshots]
Error message: "file.txt" can't be found.
Screenshot: